Page   14
Page   15
FOCUS HR  |  IR July Update 2026
FOCUS HR  |  IR July Update 2026
The Fair Work Commission found that a director’s 
aggressive and confrontational swearing forced an 
employee to resign, despite the employer arguing that 
such communication formed part of the workplace 
culture.
What Happened
An electrician claimed that the DMG Building & 
Electrical Services Pty Ltd’s director’s “abusive and 
bullying behaviour” made him “fear for his safety” and 
forced him to quit.
After he resigned, he filed an adverse action claim, to 
which DMG objected, claiming that the electrician had 
resigned voluntarily. The electrician claimed that the 
director swore during a number of their conversations 
including when an issue arose when the worker visited a 
mosque to pray during work time, and a car reversed into 
his company van.
In a subsequent email, the director told the electrician 
that even though they had never discussed or agreed to 
him undertaking prayer during working hours, he would 
be willing to accommodate it, provided the electrician 
made up the time.  The director also raised issues with 
the electrician’s “below average” productivity.
The electrician approached the director on November 
25 to discuss the issues he raised in the email, and 
he covertly recorded their conversation.  During the 
conversation, they discussed the electrician’s “work 
levels” and potential arrangements for him to take time 
off work to pray.
The director told the electrician he appeared “self-
absorbed” and it seemed “deceitful” for him to fail to 
disclose that he had been praying during work time. 
“[T]here’s two things I can’t f**ing tolerate its people 
who steal and people who lie,” he said. “I don’t want any 
negative nancies running around my company f**ing 
becoming toxic to other blokes. It festers. What we do 
with those people, we f**ing weed them out.“
The electrician resigned the following day and submitted 
a claim for a mental injury, which WorkCover later 
rejected.
The director told the Commission that the audio 
recording showed that “at no stage was I disrespectful, 
unprofessional or aggressive” and “he addressed the 
situation in a normal manner that he would with any of 
his other employees”.
The Decision
Commissioner Allison concluded that the director’s 
“aggressive, confrontational” conduct towards the 
electrician, particularly during their November 25 
conversation, forced him to resign.
Why This Matters
The case reinforces the growing focus on:
•	psychological safety
•	respectful communication
•	constructive dismissal principles
•	workplace culture arguments and
•	management behaviour during performance 
discussions.
The decision highlights increasing scrutiny of 
management communication styles and demonstrates 
that “workplace culture” will not excuse aggressive 
conduct by managers or directors.
ALI V DMG BUILDING & ELECTRICAL SERVICES PTY LTD 
[2025] FWC 1244
For years, the distinction between an employee and an 
independent contractor has remained one of the most 
heavily litigated issues in Australian employment law. 
While many disputes focus on the wording of contracts, 
Cropper v Energy Action (Australia) Pty Ltd (No 2) 
demonstrates that the practical reality of a working 
relationship can ultimately outweigh the label attached 
to it.
What began as a relatively straightforward contractor 
arrangement evolved over almost 15 years into a 
relationship that looked, operated and functioned like 
employment.
What Happened
The dispute involved an IT specialist who first 
commenced working with Energy Action (Australia) 
Pty Ltd. Initially, the arrangement appeared relatively 
conventional. The worker operated as a sole trader 
and was engaged to assist with the development and 
management of the company’s database systems. He 
invoiced the business for his services and was paid an 
agreed hourly rate. At that stage, the relationship largely 
resembled an independent contracting arrangement.
As the business grew, however, the nature of the 
relationship began to change. The IT specialist 
approached the company seeking to be placed on payroll, 
primarily to avoid the need to register for GST. Following 
that request, a number of administrative changes 
occurred that would later become highly significant 
in the proceedings. In 2006, the company started 
issuing the worker with pay slips, withholding tax from 
payments and making superannuation contributions on 
his behalf. 
By 2007 he was working exclusively for Energy Action. 
In 2008 he was provided with company business cards 
identifying him as the company’s Data Management and 
IT Manager. He later participated in annual performance 
reviews, assisted in recruiting and supervising other staff 
and became deeply embedded within the company’s day-
to-day operations.
Despite these developments, uncertainty regarding his 
status remained. Evidence before the Court revealed 
that company representatives continued to refer to 
him as an independent contractor. The issue came to a 
head in 2017 when the worker questioned why he had 
been excluded from an employee share plan despite 
previously being treated in various respects as though 
he were an employee. When he raised concerns, he was 
directed to seek advice from the FWC and the ATO. 
The matter remained unresolved until February 2020 
when the company terminated the relationship. The 
company provided the worker with a transaction report 
setting out the amounts the company was proposing to 
pay him including what was described as an employment 
Why This Matters
The decision highlights the significant 
risks associated with long-term contractor 
arrangements that gradually evolve into 
something much closer to employment.
The case reinforces that contractual labels alone 
will not determine a worker’s status.
Businesses should regularly review contractor 
arrangements, particularly where those 
relationships have existed for many years or 
where the worker has become deeply embedded 
within the organisation. 
CROPPER V ENERGY ACTION (AUSTRALIA) PTY LTD  
(NO 2) [2025] FCA 663
termination payment (ETP). 
When the worker refused to accept the proposed 
termination arrangement, the company issued a letter 
in which EAAPL’s chief executive explained “we will be 
terminating your engagement as a contractor” and that 
“as a gesture of good faith for your years of dedication 
as a contractor to the company, we will pay you the same 
amounts that we would pay to our permanent employees 
in this position, despite you being a contractor and 
therefore not having these entitlements”.
The Decision
After reviewing the evidence in detail, Justice Snaden 
concluded that the IT specialist had been an employee 
rather than an independent contractor from January 
2006 onwards. 
The Court considered a range of factors that pointed 
towards employment, including
•	the worker’s exclusive service to the company, 
•	the withholding of tax, 
•	the payment of superannuation contributions, 
•	his participation in performance reviews, 
•	the managerial responsibilities he had assumed and 
•	the extent to which he had become integrated into the 
business. 
The Court then considered the worker’s entitlement 
claims. Additional claims relating to annual leave, public 
holidays and personal leave resulted in an order to pay 
unpaid entitlements exceeding $100,000.
The commissioner noted that the director appeared 
to care about his employees, demonstrated by his 
willingness to establish a flexible work arrangement that 
enabled the electrician to pray during the working day, 
and he likely did not intend for the electrician to resign.
Commissioner Allison observed that the director runs 
a business in a blue-collar industry and “relies on close, 
direct relationships with his staff, speaking openly 
and frankly,” where “swearing is likely to be part of the 
everyday work culture”.
But she found that the director’s language and behaviour 
during the November 25 meeting inappropriate and 
unacceptable “in any workplace”, pointing out that “An 
employer is in a position of power and [the director] 
needs to be aware that behaviour that might be 
acceptable with a friend or in another context, is not 
acceptable or appropriate with an employee.”
She found the “probable result” of the director’s 
conduct in communicating feedback to the electrician 
and managing him, left him with “no effective or real 
choice but to resign”, and she dismissed the jurisdictional 
objection, allowing the adverse action claim to continue 
to conciliation.

View this content as a flipbook by clicking here.